A centrifuge tube reactor for the determination of bacterial methane oxidation enrichment factors
Biotransformation of methane at landfill sites can be estimated by applying compound specific stable isotope analysis of methane from the anaerobic and the cover layer surface zone. Next to these two input parameters, merely the knowledge of the carbon isotopic fractionation of the bacterial methane oxidation in terms of the enrichment factor (ε) is required. However, many factors and conditions have been described to affect ε. These include temperature, the applied landfill cover, the type of expressed methane monooxygenase (MMO), and cell density.
In this work we investigated the microbial methane oxidation with respect to temperature and type of methanotrophic enrichment culture. A newly designed setup was used to overcome potential CH4-substrate limitations such as diffusion that could affect the determined values of ε by improper and inhomogeneous mixing. The isotopic fractionation was determined based on the stable carbon isotope analysis of methane and carbon dioxide. The obtained value for isotopic fractionation was ε22°C = -0.0136 ± 0.0036. Also for the first time, bulk stable isotope analysis of bacterial cell mass was performed by flow Microcentrifuge Tube injection analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Sorption of PFOA onto different laboratory materials: Filter membranes and centrifuge tubes.
- Measurement and reporting of concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), is an integral part of most investigations.
- Occurrence of sorption losses of PFAS analytes onto particular laboratory-ware (e.g. glass containers) has been suggested in the published literature but has not been investigated in detail.
- We examined sorption losses from aqueous PFOA solutions in contact with different commonly-used materials in filter units and centrifuge tubes (glass and plastics).
- Sorption of PFOA onto different filter membrane types ranged from 21-79% indicating that filtration can introduce a major source of error in PFOA analysis; pre-treatment of filter membranes with phosphate or methanol solutions did not improve PFOA recovery. Substantial adsorption of PFOA was also observed on tubes made from polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), and glass where losses observed were between 32-45%, 27-35%, 16-31% and 14-24%, respectively.
- Contrary to suggestions in the literature, our results indicated that the greatest sorption losses for PFOA occurred on PP, whereas losses on glass tubes were much lower. Variations in ionic strength and pH did not greatly influence PFOA recovery.
- When PFOA concentrations were increased, the percent recovery of PFOA increased, indicating that binding sites on tube-walls were saturable. This study draws attention towards analytical bias that can occur due to sorption losses during routine procedures, and highlights the importance of testing the suitability of chosen laboratory-ware for specific PFAS analytes of interest prior to experimental use.
- The centrifuge is among the oldest and most widely used pieces of laboratory equipment, with significant applications that include clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. A major limitation of laboratory centrifuges is their “black box” nature, limiting sample observation to before and after centrifugation. Thus, optimized protocols require significant trial and error, while unoptimized protocols waste time by centrifuging longer than necessary or material due to incomplete sedimentation.
- Here, we developed an instrumented centrifuge tube receptacle compatible with several commercial benchtop centrifuges that can provide real-time sample analysis during centrifugation. We demonstrated the system by monitoring cell separations during centrifugation for different spin speeds, concentrations, buffers, cell types, and temperatures. We show that the collected data are valuable for analytical purposes (e.g. quality control), or as feedback to the user or the instrument.
- For the latter, we verified an adaptation where complete sedimentation turned off the centrifuge and notified the user by a text message. Our system adds new functionality to existing laboratory centrifuges, saving users time and providing useful feedback. This add-on potentially enables new analytical applications for an instrument that has remained largely unchanged for decades.
Influence of the centrifuge time of primary plasma tubes on routine coagulation testing.
Preparation of blood specimens is a major bottleneck in the laboratory throughput. Reliable strategies for reducing the time required for specimen processing without affecting quality should be acknowledged, especially for laboratories performing stat analyses. The present investigation was planned to establish a minimal suitable centrifuge time for primary samples collected for routine coagulation testing.
Five sequential primary vacuum tubes containing 0.109 mol/l buffered trisodium citrate were collected from 10 volunteers and were immediately centrifuged on a conventional centrifuge at 1500 x g, at room temperature for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 min, respectively. Hematological and routine coagulation testing, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen, were performed. The centrifugation time was inversely associated with residual blood cell elements in plasma, especially platelets. Statistically significant variations from the reference 15-min centrifuge specimens were observed for fibrinogen in samples centrifuged for 5 min at most and for the activated partial thromboplastin time in samples centrifuged for 2 min at most.
Meaningful biases related to the desirable bias were observed for fibrinogen in samples centrifuged for 2 min at most, and for the activated partial thromboplastin time in samples centrifuged for 1 min at most. According to our experimental conditions, a 5-10 min centrifuge time at 1500 x g may be suitable for primary tubes collected for routine coagulation testing.
We quantified the formed elements of urine sediment using newly designed plastic centrifuge tubes with top and bottom openings and a 0.5 ml sized bottom ball (YZ tube).
This design minimizes the adherence of formed elements that occurs on the glass surface of conventional tubes. The numbers of white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) using glass tubes did not differ from those observed using YZ tubes. However, the YZ tube method detected renal casts more frequently than the conventional glass tube method; the detection rate for renal casts in normal urine samples was 21.4% vs 2.9%, in samples from hospitalized patients it was 47.5% vs 10.2%, and from patients with kidney disease it was 88.9% vs. 44.4%. Especially, the YZ tube method detected more hyaline casts in all types of samples.
Centrifuge Tubes, 50 ml ,PP,Sterile,Plug-Seal Cap, in Bag |
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LC8005-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 241.2 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 15 ml ,PP,Sterile,Plug-Seal Cap, in Bag |
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LC8003-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 208.8 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 50 ml , Black ,PP,Sterile |
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LC8008-025 | GenDepot | 25/Bag | 100.8 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 50 ml , Black ,PP,Sterile |
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LC8008-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 586.8 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 15 ml , Black ,PP,Sterile |
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LC8007-050 | GenDepot | 50/Bag | 121.2 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 15 ml , Black ,PP,Sterile |
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LC8007-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 440.4 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 50 ml ,PP,Sterile,Plug-Seal Cap,Self Standing, in Bag |
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LC8006-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 360 EUR |
Corning LSE Single Block 5 x 50 mL Centrifuge Tubes |
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480129 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 129.6 EUR |
29 mm Test Tube Foam Rack (for 50 mL centrifuge tubes) |
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MIX1118 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 48 EUR |
16 mm Test Tube Foam Rack (for 15 mL centrifuge tubes) |
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MIX1098 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 48 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 50 ml ,PP,Sterile,Plug-Seal Cap, in Rack |
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LC8004-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 267.6 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes, 15 ml ,PP,Sterile,Plug-Seal Cap, in Rack |
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LC8002-500 | GenDepot | 500/CS | 218.4 EUR |
Block, 15 x1.5ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1405-B15 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 194.76 EUR |
Block, 15 x1.5ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSH100-15 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 109.3 EUR |
50ml Conical Centrifuge Tubes, Green Cap, 25/Bag |
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CT788-G | Bio Basic | 1PK, 25UNIT | 67.31 EUR |
50ml Conical Centrifuge Tubes, Yellow Cap, 25/Bag |
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CT788-Y | Bio Basic | 1PK, 25UNIT | 67.31 EUR |
Eppendorf Adapter for 0.5 mL micro- centrifuge tubes + 0.6 ml Microtainer set of 6 |
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E5425716001 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | 15.54 EUR |
CENTRIFUGE TUBE 50 ML 30 X 115 MM |
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T2318-500EA | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 297.68 EUR |
Greiner centrifuge tubes |
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T1943-1000EA | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 | 366 EUR |
Greiner centrifuge tubes |
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T2193-300EA | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK300 | 206.28 EUR |
4-Ways Microtube and Centrifuge Tubes Racks, Red |
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R023-R | Bio Basic | 1 UNIT | 64.18 EUR |
4-Ways Microtube and Centrifuge Tubes Racks, Blue |
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R023-B | Bio Basic | 1 UNIT | 64.18 EUR |
CapLock 0.5mL Centrifuge Tubes |
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ARG1782 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 65.8 EUR |
CapLock 1.5mL Centrifuge Tubes |
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ARG1808 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 | 117.5 EUR |
4-Ways Microtube and Centrifuge Tubes Racks, Yellow |
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R023-Y | Bio Basic | 1 UNIT | 64.18 EUR |
4-Ways Microtube and Centrifuge Tubes Racks, Natural |
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R023-N | Bio Basic | 1 UNIT | 64.18 EUR |
Oakridge Centrifuge Tubes 30ml |
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31390030 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK10 | 273.6 EUR |
Block, 15 x 1.5ml or 2.0ml centrifuge tubes (conical) |
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BCM1405-B1520 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 194.76 EUR |
Block, 15 x 1.5ml or 2.0ml centrifuge tubes (conical) |
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BSH100-1520 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 109.3 EUR |
Centrifuge Tubes S 2420 30ml Qfit |
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QBC24C24R0 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK10 | 240 EUR |
Block for 5mL centrifuge tubes |
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MIX7218 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 634.8 EUR |
Block for 5ml centrifuge tubes |
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H5000-5MT | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 479.8 EUR |
15mL Sterile Centrifuge Tubes PP |
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ARG1814 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 270.26 EUR |
15mL Sterile Centrifuge Tubes PP |
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ARG1818 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 326.4 EUR |
50mL Sterile Centrifuge Tubes PP |
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ARG1820 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 365.57 EUR |
50mL Sterile Centrifuge Tubes PP |
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ARG1824 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 447.82 EUR |
Tubes Centrifuge 15ml Conical |
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CEN9202 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 230.4 EUR |
Block, 20x10mm test tubes or 20x2.0ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1412-BSW10 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block, 20x10mm test tubes or 20x2.0ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSW10 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
Block, 24 x 0.5ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1405-B05 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 194.76 EUR |
Block, 24 x 0.5ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1412-BSW05 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block, 24 x 0.5ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSH100-05 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 109.3 EUR |
Block, 24 x 0.5ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSW05 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
Falcon Conical 50ml PP Centrifuge Tubes Bagged |
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352070 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 201.6 EUR |
Falcon Conical 15ml PP Centrifuge Tubes Bagged |
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352096 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 171.6 EUR |
Centrifuge 5804 + Rotor S-4-72 + adapters 15/50ml tubes |
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E5804000565 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 6374.4 EUR |
Block, 4 x 15ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1405-B150 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 227.29 EUR |
Block, 2 x 50ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1405-B500 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 227.29 EUR |
Block, 12 x 15ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1412-BSW15 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block, 5 x 50ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1412-BSW50 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block, 4 x 15ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSH100-150 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 138.6 EUR |
Block, 2 x 50ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSH100-500 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 138.6 EUR |
Block, 12 x 15ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSW15 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
Block, 5 x 50ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSW50 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
Kimas high strength centrifuge tubes |
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Z514861-6EA | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK6 | 103.2 EUR |
Centrifuge 5804R + Rotor S-4-72 + adapters 15/50ml tubes |
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E5805000665 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 9555.6 EUR |
Centrifuge 5810 + Rotor S-4-104 + adapters 15/50ml tubes |
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E5810000560 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 9001.2 EUR |
Centrifuge 5810R + Rotor S-4-104 + adapters 15/50ml tubes |
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E5811000660 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 12414 EUR |
Centrifuge Tube, 5ml, 200 per. pk. (4 bags of 50) |
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C1005-T5-Clear | Benchmark Scientific | 1 each | 44.5 EUR |
Block, 24 x1.5ml centrifuge tubes (conical) |
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BCM1412-BSW1500 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block, 24 x1.5ml centrifuge tubes (conical) |
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BSW1500 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
15mL and 50ml Universal Rack for Conical Bottom Centrifuge Tubes |
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4366 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK20 | 51.6 EUR |
Falcon Conical 225ml PP Centrifuge Tubes |
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352075 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK48 | 133.2 EUR |
Falcon Conical 15ml Ps Centrifuge Tubes |
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352099 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 196.8 EUR |
Benchmark Centrifuge Tube Red 5mL (4 bags of 50) |
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CEN2048 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK200 | 60 EUR |
Benchmark Centrifuge Tube Blue 5mL (4 bags of 50) |
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CEN2046 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK200 | 60 EUR |
Benchmark Centrifuge Tube Clear 5mL (4 bags of 50) |
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CEN2045 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK200 | 60 EUR |
Benchmark Centrifuge Tube Green 5mL (4 bags of 50) |
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CEN2047 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK200 | 60 EUR |
Benchmark Centrifuge Tube Black 5mL (4 bags of 50) |
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CEN2051 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK200 | 59.88 EUR |
SINGLE BLOCK, 12 X 15ML CENTRIFUGE TUBES |
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480124 | CORNING | 1/pk | 136.8 EUR |
Benchmark Centrifuge Tube Yellow 5mL (4 bags of 50) |
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CEN2049 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK200 | 60 EUR |
Block, 24 x 1.5ml or 2.0ml centrifuge tubes |
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BCM1412-BSW1520 | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block, 24 x 1.5ml or 2.0ml centrifuge tubes |
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BSW1520 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
Block, 15 x 1.5ml Centrifuge Tubes for Dry Bath with Heated Lid |
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BCM1405-B15HL | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 194.76 EUR |
Block 15 x 1.5mL Centrifuge Tubes for Dry Bath with Heated Lid |
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BLO1254 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 212.4 EUR |
Block, 15 x 1.5ml Centrifuge Tubes for Dry Bath with Heated Lid |
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BSH100-15HL | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 109.3 EUR |
Centrifuge 5804 + Rotor S-4-72 + adapters 15/50ml tubes- IVD Only |
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E5804000560 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 7200 EUR |
MICRO CENTRIFUGE TUBE, AMBER, 5 ML, 250/1250 |
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MCT-500-X | CORNING | 250/pk | 228 EUR |
Centrifuge 5804R + Rotor S-4-72 + adapters 15/50ml tubes- IVD Only |
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E5805000661 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 10030.8 EUR |
Centrifuge 5810 + Rotor S-4-104 + adapters 15/50ml tubes- IVD Only |
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E5810000564 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 9450 EUR |
Centrifuge 5810R + Rotor S-4-104 + adapters 15/50ml tubes- IVD Only |
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E5811000665 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 12357.6 EUR |
5-Well Centrifuge Tube Box (1.5ml To 2ml Tubes) |
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R005-G | Bio Basic | 1 UNIT | 61.57 EUR |
50mL Rack for Conical Bottom Centrifuge Tubes |
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4365 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK20 | 51.6 EUR |
15mL Rack for Conical Bottom Centrifuge Tubes |
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431355 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK20 | 40.8 EUR |
DB 3.1 Single block centrifuge tube combination 4 x 1.5; 3 x 15 ml and 2 x 50ml |
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BLO6036 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 163.2 EUR |
Cool rack 9 wells for 15ml centrifuge tubes |
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HOM2740 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 996.17 EUR |
Cool rack 4 wells for 50ml centrifuge tubes |
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HOM2742 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 996.17 EUR |
MICRO CENTRIFUGE TUBE, MAXYCLEAR, 5 ML, 250/1250 |
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MCT-500-C | CORNING | 250/pk | 187.2 EUR |
Falcon Conical 175ml PP Centrifuge Tubes Racked |
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352076 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK48 | 126 EUR |
Falcon Conical 15ml PP Centrifuge Tubes Racked |
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352097 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 218.4 EUR |
Falcon Conical 50ml PP Centrifuge Tubes Racked |
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352098 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 231.6 EUR |
15ml Centrifuge Tube, Screw Cap, Natural, 100/Bag |
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BT888-N | Bio Basic | 1PK, 100UNIT | 74.29 EUR |
Kimax Reuseable Glass Centrifuge tubes oil 203mm |
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TUB2716 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK12 | 868.8 EUR |
Block, 6 x 5ml centrifuge tubes (17mm diameter) |
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BCM1405-B5MT | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 227.29 EUR |
Block, 12 x 5.0ml centrifuge tubes (17mm diameter) |
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BCM1412-BSW5MT | Bio Basic | 1 pcs, 1 UNIT | 233.21 EUR |
Block 6 x 5mL centrifuge tubes (17mm diameter) |
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BLO1256 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 184.8 EUR |
Block 12 x 5.0mL centrifuge tubes (17mm diameter) |
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BLO1276 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | 194.4 EUR |
Block, 6 x 5ml centrifuge tubes (17mm diameter) |
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BSH100-5MT | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 138.6 EUR |
Block, 12 x 5.0ml centrifuge tubes (17mm diameter) |
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BSW5MT | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC | 144.7 EUR |
Falcon Conical 15ml Ps Multipack Centrifuge Tubes |
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352095 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK500 | 201.6 EUR |
The correlation between the glass tube and YZ tube methods was good for WBC (r=0.996), RBC (r=0.964), and epithelial cell count (r=0.939), but the correlation was weak for casts (r=0.511 for hyaline casts; r=0.359 for other casts). In conclusion, the YZ tube method of urine sediment analyses is an easy and accurate quantitative method; it is recommended as the method of choice for detecting and quantifying pathological casts in urine